Abies to Avenula

*Abies alba Mill. European Siver-fir

     Raasay:           Recording Units: 2 

                            Ten kilometre squares: NG 53 

                            First Record: SJB 2010

     Rona:              Not known.

Planted and naturalised around Inverarish.

*Abies procera Rehder   Noble Fir

     Raasay:           Recording Units: 4

                            Ten kilometre squares: NG 53 

                            First Record: KC Date uncertain

     Rona:              Not known.

Planted and naturalised around Inverarish.  Also naturalised on the cliffs in the east.

*Acaena inermis Hook. f.   Spineless Acaena

Raasay:           Recording Units:10 

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG 53, 54 

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Not known.

A native of New Zealand naturalised from East Suisnish to Inverarish and scattered elsewhere. Mostly along roadsides.

Herb. LANC: KBB 1935 Raasay.

*Acer platanoides L.   Norway Maple

Raasay:            Recording Units:1 

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG 53 

                        First Record: JRP 1979.

Rona:              Not known.

Planted near Raasay House.

*Acer pseudoplatanus L.   Sycamore

Raasay:            Recording Units:12 

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG 53, 54, 65 

                        First Record: Boswell 1773 (as Plane).

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG 65 

                        First Record: EPS 1933.

Planted and occasionally naturalised.

Achillea millefolium L.   Yarrow

Raasay:            Recording Units:62 

                        Ten kilometre squares: All

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG 65, 66 

                        First Record: EPS 1933.

Drier grassland and rocks.

Achillea ptarmica L.   Sneezewort

Raasay:            Recording Units:39 

                        Ten kilometre squares: All

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG 65, 66 

                        First Record: EPS 1933.

Along burns and in wet grassland.

*Aconitum napellus L.   Monk's-hood

Raasay:            Recording Units:1 

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG 55

                        First Record: SJB 1989.

Rona:              Not known.

In an enclosure on Fladday. Long-term survivor from cultivation. Still there 2008.

*Aegopodium podagraria L.    Ground-elder

Raasay:            Recording Units:5 

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG 53, 54

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36

Rona:              Not known.

Near houses and a garden weed.

*Aesculus hippocastanum L.   Horse-chestnut

Raasay:            Recording Units:4 

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG 53, 54

                        First Record: MMcCW 1957.

Rona:              Not known.

Planted near Inverarish, Raasay House, Arnish and Torran.

[Agrimonia eupatoria L.   Agrimony]

Raasay:            Recording Units: 0

                        Ten kilometre squares: (NG 53)

                        First Record: BSBI 1969.

Rona:              Not known.

Recorded by BSBI Field Meeting 1969. The report in Watsonia (Murray, 1970) does not state the species but the record card gives A. eupatoria.

Agrimonia procera Wallr.   Fragrant Agrimony

Raasay:            Recording Units: 11 

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG 53, 54

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Not known.

Coastal grassland along the east coast.

Agrostis canina sens. lat.    Velvet / Brown Bent

Raasay:            Recording Units: 84

                        Ten kilometre squares: All

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG65, 66

                       First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Widely distributed. A. canina sens. strict. (Velvet Bent) is in wetter habitats than A. vinealis (Brown Bent) but the species were not separated during the early phases of the project. A. vinealis appears to be the commoner.

Agrostis capillaris L.   Common Bent

Raasay:            Recording Units: 82

                        Ten kilometre squares: All

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG65, 66

                       First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36 (by inference).  Smith, 1934 has “Agrostis sp. on

                        the moor.”

Common.

Agrostis stolonifera L.   Creeping Bent

Raasay:            Recording Units: 80

                        Ten kilometre squares: All

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:               Ten kilometre squares: NG65, 66

                        First Record: EPS 1933

Common, especially around the coast including saltmarshes.

Aira caryophyllea L. Silver Hair-grass

Raasay:            Recording Units: 18

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG 53, 54

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Not known

Not very common on dry banks, rocks and walls.

Aira praecox L. Early Hair-grass

Raasay:            Recording Units: 88

                        Ten kilometre squares: All

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG 65,66

                       First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Widespread on walls and rocks and dry banks. Also common on peaty coastal banks with Plantago coronopus and Sedum anglicum.

Ajuga reptans L. Bugle

Raasay:            Recording Units: 51

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG 53, 54, 64, 65l

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG 65

                       First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Widespread but never abundant in woodland and scrub.

Alchemilla alpina L. Alpine Lady's-mantle

Raasay:            Recording Units: 13

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG 53, 54

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: (NG 65)

                       First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

On Dun Caan and the eastern cliffs but also on basic rocks in two locations in the west of Raasay.

Not recorded recently on Rona.

Herb. SUN: MHO 1936 Hallaig.

Alchemilla filicaulis subsp. vestita (Buser) M.E. Bradshaw  Hairy Lady's-mantle

Raasay:            Recording Units: 48

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG 53, 54, 55, 65

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36. (As A. minor Huds.)

Rona:              Not known

Grassy places. Some plants tend towards subsp. filicaulis and it may be that other botanists would have recorded that taxon, which is known on Skye, as well.

Alchemilla glabra Neygenf.   Glabrous Lady's-mantle

Raasay:            Recording Units: 36

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG 53, 54, 65

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36. (As A. alpestris Schmidt).

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG  65

                       First Record: SJB 2005

    Quite common in damp grassland and elsewhere.

 *Alchemilla mollis (Buser) Rothm.   Garden Lady's-mantle

Raasay:            Recording Units: 2

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG 53

                        First Record: SJB 1996

Rona:              Not known

Garden escape at West Suisnish and Oskaig.

Allium ursinum L.  Ramsons

Raasay:            Recording Units: 8

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG 53, 54

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Not known

Beside running water and mostly near the sea.

Allium vineale L. Wild Onion

Raasay:            Recording Units: 1

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  54

                        First Record: SJB 1992.

Rona:              Not known

Cliffs above shore east of Arnish. A rare plant in northwest Scotland but recorded from similar habitats e.g. on Coll (Harrison, 1941) and Mull (Jermy & Crabbe, 1978). This is the only known site in the vice-county. Still there 2006.

Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.   Alder

Raasay:            Recording Units: 22

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  53, 54, 55

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG  65

                       First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Native along water courses and in damp woodland but also planted e.g. on Fladday.

*Alnus rubra Bong.   Red Alder

Raasay:            Recording Units: 1

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  53

                        First Record: SJB 2008

Rona:              Not known

Planted at Oskaig.

Alopecurus geniculatus L.   Marsh Foxtail

Raasay:            Recording Units: 10

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  53, 54, 55

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG 65

                       First Record: SJB 1998.

Wet grassland.

Alopecurus pratensis L.   Meadow Foxtail

Raasay:            Recording Units: 8

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  53, 54

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Not known.

Surprisingly uncommon given its frequency on Skye. Roadside and meadows.

Herb. K: MMcCW 1957 Meadow.

*Anagallis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis   Scarlet Pimpernel

Raasay:            Recording Units: 0

                        Ten kilometre squares: (NG  53)

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Not known.

Introduced near Clachan (Harrison, 1937a). Not recorded since. Probably lost with the end of arable farming.

Anagallis minima see Centunculus minima

Anemone nemorosa L.   Wood Anemone

Raasay:            Recording Units:45

                        Ten kilometre squares: All

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: (NG  65)

                       First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Woods, under heather, grassland and rock ledges.

Angelica sylvestris L.   Wild Angelica

Raasay:            Recording Units:71

                        Ten kilometre squares: All

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG  65, 66

                       First Record:  EPS 1933

Abundant in many habitats.

Anisantha sterilis (L.) Nevski   Barren Brome

Raasay:            Recording Units:0

                        Ten kilometre squares: (NG 53)l

                        First Record:  JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Not known

Inverarish (Harrison, 1937a). Not recorded since.

Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn.   Mountain Everlasting

Raasay:            Recording Units:46

                        Ten kilometre squares: All

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG  65

                       First Record:  JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Widespread on rocks and dry banks.

Herb. HAMU: GWT 1936 Dun Caan.

Anthemis cotula L.   Stinking Chamomile

Raasay:            Recording Units:1

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG 53

                        First Record: JWHH & JKM 1951.

Rona:              Not known

Waste ground, Inverarish (Harrison & Morton, 1951). Several plants emerged near the new ferry terminal in 2011, presumably from the grass seed used there.

Anthoxanthum odoratum L.   Sweet Vernal-grass

Raasay:            Recording Units:98

                        Ten kilometre squares: All

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG  65, 66

                       First Record:  JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Common everywhere.

Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm.   Cow Parsley

Raasay:            Recording Units:0

                        Ten kilometre squares: (NG 53)

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36. 

Rona:              Not known

 North of Inverarish (Harrison, 1937a) and near mouth of Arish Burn (Harrison 1937c). Also recorded by MMcCW 1957.  Not seen since.

Anthyllis vulneraria L.   Kidney Vetch

Raasay:            Recording Units: 9

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  53, 54, 55

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Not known.

Cliffs along east coast, volcanic vents at Brochel and on rocks elsewhere. Critical examination of a specimen from NG5936 suggests that subsp. lapponica is present.

Aphanes arvensis L.   Parsley-piert

Raasay:            Recording Units: 21

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  53, 54, 55, 65

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36 as the aggregate .

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG  65

                       First Record: SJB & CWM 1994.

Occasional in drier grassy areas and on paths. Some of the earlier records from the recording project should be regarded as the aggregate.

Aphanes australis Rydb.   Slender Parsley-piert

Raasay:            Recording Units: 6

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  53, 54

                        First Record: JWHH & JKM 1951.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG  65

                       First Record: SJB 1998.

Also recorded on Raasay by MMcCW 1957. Similar ground to preceding species.

*Aquilegia vulgaris L.   Columbine

Raasay:            Recording Units: 3

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  53

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Not known.

Also recorded by MMcCW 1957 on Raasay. A garden escape around Inverarish and Clachan.

Arabidopsis petraea (L.) Lam.   Northern Rock-cress     Vulnerable.  Nationally Scarce

Raasay:            Recording Units: 1

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  53

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Not known.

“On the cliffs east of Dun Caan” (Harrison, 1937a). Re-found on cliffs that are south of but also to the east of Dun Caan, SJB 2003. Still there 2009.

Herb. LANC: KBB 1935 Cliffs north of Hallaig.

Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.   Thale Cress

Raasay:            Recording Units: 8

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  53, 54, 55

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Not known.

Scree near the top of Meall Daimh, coastal rocks near Fearns and a garden weed.

Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. Hairy Rock-cress

Raasay:            Recording Units: 15

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  53, 54

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Not known.

On the basic rocks of the east coast and rarely elsewhere.

*Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch   Monkey-puzzle

Raasay:            Recording Units: 2

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  53, 54

                        First Record: SJB 1992.

Rona:              Not known.

Planted near the sawmill, Mill Park and at Arnish.

[Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh.    Lesser Burdock]

Raasay:            Recording Units: 0

                        Ten kilometre squares: (NG  53, 54)

                        First Record: SJB 1992.

Rona:              Not known.

The taxonomy or the Arctium minus aggregate has been in a state of flux for many years. Arctium minus sens. str. has not been confirmed from Scotland. Recorded between Eyre and Fearns (Harrison, 1937a) and as Arctium vulgare Hill f subtomentosum Evans (A. pubens Bab.) on the cliffs between Screapadal and Hallaig (Harrison 1937c).

Arctium nemorosum Lej.   Wood Burdock

Raasay:            Recording Units: 36

                        Ten kilometre squares: All

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36 as the aggregate .

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG  65, 66

                       First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36 (by inference).

Waste ground and wherever sheep have carried the burs into non-acidic areas. All plants of this aggregate on Raasay and Rona are likely to be A. nemorosum.

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.   Bearberry

Raasay:            Recording Units: 69

                        Ten kilometre squares: All

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36 as the aggregate .

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG  65, 66

                       First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rock, slopes, moorland.

      Herb. LANC: KBB 1935 Raasay.

*Arenaria balearica L.   Mossy Sandwort

Raasay:            Recording Units: 1

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  53

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Not known.

Long-established escape from Raasay House garden. On roadside walls and by the shore north of Raasay House.

[Arenaria serpyllifolia L.  Thyme-leaved Sandwort]
 

Raasay:           Not known.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: (NG  65)

                       First Record: EPS 1933.

Known from a few sandy sites on Skye but never recorded on Raasay. The Rona record (Smith 1934) is surely in error as it was recorded from saltmarsh and at a density of 15 plants per typical quadrat in hill pasture.

Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd. Thrift

Raasay:            Recording Units: 58

                        Ten kilometre squares: All

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG  65, 66

                       First Record: EPS 1933.

Coastal rocks and cliffs, saltmarshes. Not known from inland hills in contrast to Skye and Rum, perhaps owing to insufficient altitude.

Herb. HAMU: GWT 1936 Raasay.

Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. Presl.  False Oat-grass

Raasay:            Recording Units: 32

                        Ten kilometre squares: All

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG  65, 66

                       First Record: EPS 1933.

As a weed of cultivated land, disturbed land generally but also in coastal grassland. Almost all specimens examined, even far from habitation, are var. bulbosum (Onion Couch).

Artemisia vulgaris L.   Mugwort

Raasay:            Recording Units: 0

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  54

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1937.

Rona:              Not known.

Found close to the cottages at Balachuirn (Harrison, 1937c). Not recorded since.

Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L.   Black Spleenwort

Raasay:            Recording Units: 66

                        Ten kilometre squares: All

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG  65, 66

                       First Record: EPS 1933.

Widespread on rocks and walls.

Herb. LANC: KBB 1935 Raasay.

Asplenium marinum L.   Sea Spleenwort

Raasay:            Recording Units: 50

                        Ten kilometre squares: All

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG  65, 66

                       First Record: EPS 1933.

Common around the coast.

Asplenium ruta-muraria L.   Wall-rue

Raasay:            Recording Units: 28

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG 53, 54, 64

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG  65, 66

                       First Record: EPS 1933.

On basic rocks and walls. Abundant on the limestone of Raasay’s eastern cliffs.

Asplenium scolopendrium L.   Hart's-tongue

Raasay:           Recording Units: 28

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG 53, 54, 65

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:               Ten kilometre squares: (NG 65)

                        First Record:  EPS 1933.

Woods, ravines, amongst rocks, caves and walls. Recorded from Rona by both EPS and JWHH et al. but no recent record.

Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm.   Forked Spleenwort      Nationally Scarce.  Near-threatened.

Raasay:            Recording Units: 0

                        Ten kilometre squares: (NG  53)

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Not known.

Reported from rocks above the waterfall, Hallaig (Harrison, 1937a) but never recorded again despite many attempts by many people.

Asplenium trichomanes L.   Maidenhair Spleenwort

Raasay:            Recording Units: 67

                        Ten kilometre squares: All

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG  65

                       First Record: EPS 1933.

Widespread on rocks. All specimens examined critically are subsp. quadrivalens and it is likely that all records relate to this taxon.

Asplenium viride Huds.   Green Spleenwort

Raasay:            Recording Units: 22

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG 53, 54

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: (NG  65)

                       First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Basic rocks. Commonest in the east of Raasay but spreading though valleys towards the west. Not seen on Rona in recent years.

Herb. HAMU: GWT 1936 Raasay.  LANC: KBB 1935 Raasay.

*Aster novi-belgii L.  Confused Michaelmas-daisy

Raasay:            Recording Units: 1

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  53

                        First Record: SJB 2008.

Rona:              Not known.

Garden throw-out in Inverarish.

Aster tripolium L.  Sea Aster

Raasay:            Recording Units: 1

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  53

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: (NG  65)

                       First Record: EPS 1933.

Oskaig saltmarsh and old records from a Rona saltmarsh (Smith, 1934) and Dry Harbour (Harrison, 1937a).

*Astilbe japonica (C. Morren & Decne.) A. Gray   False-buck's-beard

Raasay:            Recording Units: 1

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  53

                        First Record: SJB 2008.

Rona:              Not known.

Garden throw-out in Inverarish.

Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth   Lady-fern

Raasay:            Recording Units: 83

                        Ten kilometre squares: All

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG  65, 66

                       First Record: EPS 1933.

Common in various habitats – woodland, moorland, rocks.

Atriplex glabriuscula Edmondston  Babington's Orache

Raasay:            Recording Units: 10

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG 53, 54, 64, 65

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1937.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG  65, 66

                       First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

North of the big cave on Rona (Harrison, 1937a) and at the mouth of the Storab Burn (Harrison 1937c). Stony shores. Almost certainly under-recorded.

Atriplex glabriuscula x praecox

Raasay:            Recording Units: 1

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  53

                        First Record: SJB 2003.

Rona:              Not known.

A single large plant on shingle beach, Leac SJB 2003 conf: JRA. The only known site in the vice-county.

*Atriplex hortensis L. Garden Orache 

Raasay:            Recording Units: 0

                        Ten kilometre squares: (NG  53)

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1937.

Rona:              Not known.

Recorded near Churchton Bay (Harrison, 1937c). Not seen since.

[Atriplex patula L.  Common Orache]

Raasay:            Recording Units: 0

                        Ten kilometre squares: (NG  53)

                        First Record:  JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: (NG  65)

                        First Record: EPS 1933.

In saltmarsh, Rona (Smith, 1934). “Locally on shingle, all islands” (Harrison, 1937a). The most likely record is from Raasay by MMcCW 1957 in NG53.

Atriplex praecox Hlph.   Early Orache   Nationally Scarce

Raasay:            Recording Units: 1

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  65

                        First Record: SJB 1989.

Rona:              Not known.

Strand line on Eilean Tigh. Conf. DMcK

Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC. Spear-leaved Orache

Raasay:            Recording Units: 34

                        Ten kilometre squares: All

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:              Ten kilometre squares: NG  65, 66

                       First Record: SJB 1998.

 Stony shores. Perhaps over-recorded for A. glabriuscula in the early years of the project.

*Avena sativa L. Oat

Raasay:            Recording Units: 2

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG  53

                        First Record: SJB 1995.

Rona:              Not known.

Casual, Inverarish roadside and shore below Raasay House. Grown in fields some years.

Avenula pratensis (L.) Dumort  Meadow Oat-grass 

Raasay:           Recording Units: 0

                        Ten kilometre squares: (NG 53, 54)

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:               Not known.

On the limestone near the waterfall, Hallaig, and Screapadal (Harrison, 1937a) but not recorded since.

Avenula pubescens (Huds.) Dumort  Downy Oat-grass

Raasay:           Recording Units:13

                        Ten kilometre squares: NG 53, 54

                        First Record: JWHH et al. 1934-36.

Rona:               Ten kilometre squares: NG 65, 66

                        First Record: SJB 2001.

Infrequent in neutral and basic grassland especially near the east coast of Raasay.